South Albertas
A Canadian Regiment at War

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Publisher: Robin Brass Studio, Toronto, 1998

ISBN: 1-896941-06-0

Suggested Retail Price (may vary): $59.95 Cdn/$49.95US

Details: Hardcover, 10 1/2 x 8 3/4 inches, 408 pages, index, appendices, c. 300 illustrations (14 in colour), maps, scale drawings of vehicles and weapons, organizational charts

 

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The 29th Canadian Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment (South Alberta Regiment) was formed in 1940 from five western Canada militia units. Almost forgotten today, the SAR formed a splendid combat record and was the only Canadian unit to receive the Victoria Cross during the Normandy Campaign of 1944 and the only Canadian armoured regiment to receive that medal during the Second World War. The story of this proud unit of "boys from the bald-headed prairie" is a chronicle of gallantry, sacrifice, military professionalism -- and humour, for although the South Albertas took their soldiering seriously, they never took themselves seriously and this trait will endure them to readers who follow them from the Rockies to the Rhine.
Three chapters deal with the SAR's most famous action, the Battle of the Falaise Gap in August 1944, where Major David Currie earned the Victoria Cross in four days of vicious fighting. Based on new research in French, German and Polish sources, this is the most complete account of this action to appear in print. Lavishly illustrated with maps, photographs, cartoons, scale drawings and rare wartime photographs, South Albertas also contains appendices dealing with military terminology, armoured vehicles and armoured tactics. It will appeal to those interested in military history, arrmoured warfare during the Second World War, and the meaning and the cost of courage.

 

 

Excerpts from South Albertas: A Canadian Regiment at War
copyright © The South Alberta Regiment Association, 1998.

The Regiment In Action

In late February 1945, as part of the 4th Canadian Armoured Division, the South Alberta Regiment participated in Operation BLOCKBUSTER, the offensive in the Hochwald area immediately west of the Rhine. While two squadrons of the unit supported the main infantry attack, A Squadron under Major Glen Macdougall was tasked with carrying out an independent right hook intended to flank the main German defensive line. Unfortunately, Macdougall and his squadron ran into well-positioned German Tiger tanks and the result was the worst single day's casualties, in men and tanks, the regiment suffered during the war ......

Glen McDougall's A Squadron and the Algonquins' carrier platoon had started out at about 0600 hours and quickly encountered problems with the going. Lieutenant Tiger Bowick's tank bogged and Bobby Crawford took the lead but, in the dark, failed to see one of the large anti-tank ditches which encircled Uedem and slid into it. Crawford then took over Corporal Rizzy Risdale's tank but the advance was halted until a way was found around the maze of ditches and trenches surrounding Uedem. It was nearly 0900 and broad daylight when McDougall's force began to skirt the town and move south to reach the railway where they would begin their attack. The entire area was a maze of farm lanes, trenches and ditches and the column reached the railway several hundred yards west of and closer to Uedem than their intended crossing point. This would not have been a problem if Uedem had been completely secured by 3rd Division but it quickly became apparent that determined pockets of Germans were holding out in that battered town. Due to earlier problems with the mud the combined force was now down to ten tanks and four carriers. McDougall left two Shermans, commanded by Sergeant Duke Sands and Corporal John Galipeau, to guard his rear and pushed on for the railway with his eight remaining vehicles and the carriers. Crawford had the lead, Glen was the fourth tank in the column with his rear link, Kenny Perrin, immediately behind him, and Corporal Joe McGivern was the tail end. As the small column wove its way past the burning ruins of Uedem, Glen looked back in his turret to see "a panzerfaust grenade lobbing in from basement of a house." It missed and McDougall ordered the last two tanks in the column to "put some HE on the house" and there was no more response from the Germans.

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courtesy, Cliff Allen
A picture they never showed mother.
Blackie Levers's crew pose in front of their knocked out Firefly. From left to right: Elmer Stewart, Blackie Levers, Cliff Allen and Dave Clendenning (holding a German Schmeisser MP40 submachine gun). It was the custom in this crew, as it was in many SAR crews, for each man to have his own binoculars as four pairs of eyes were reckoned to be better than one. Their faces reveal a mixture of stress, fatigue, relief ... and dirt.

 

By now, the head of the column had crossed the railway embankment [but] there were German anti-tank guns south of Uedem and a number of dug-in Tiger tanks. Ed Thorn, the gunner in Crawford's lead tank,

saw this Tiger tank straight ahead about five orsix hundred yards. I hollered at the guys "Tiger ahead!" and I had an HE round up the spout so I just triggered it off and hollered at Maxie Gilbert, the loader, "APs, Maxie!" I zeroed in on this Tiger and I hit him where I was told to hit him, right where the turret joins the hull and the round ricocheted off to the right. I lowered my sights and hit him again and I got him bang on. Just as I fired, there was a "wheeesh" overhead. Over to the right about half a mile they had dug these Tigers in and I said to Crawford, "I hope Watkins gets those guys." Herbie had the 17-pdr. and I don't know what happened but the next one caught us.

McDougall heard Crawford report the Tiger and also saw fire coming in "from an anti-tank gun which he immediately engaged." ...... Glen kept firing at the gun and thinks he hit its ammunition because "there was a hell of a burst of flame from one of my shots."

But the Germans now had the range and within a matter of minutes had knocked out the first three Shermans in the column. Ed Thorn's tank was hit "right in front of me because I had the power traverse in my hand and I looked down and it was like someone hit me on the shoulder with a sledge hammer." The tank caught fire but, as Ed recalls, "I am not so we caught fire on the first shell or the second shell. I think maybe we got hit twice." The turret crew bailed out [but the] turret traverse was jammed and the turret continued to swing crazily around in a complete circle, hampering the efforts of the two drivers, Troopers Albert Boyer and Hammy Hamilton, to exit the furiously burning vehicle through their hatches. They cooly waited until the gun had gone by, jumped out and about twenty feet away when the Sherman blew up. Boyer dived into a ditch for cover only to discover it was full of human excrement, forcing him to quickly tear of his tank suit.

The tail-end tank, commanded by Corporal Joe McGivern, and the one in front, commanded by Corporal Herbie Watkins, were also hit. Trooper Art Baker, the driver in McGivern's tank, "was out cold" but McGivern went around to the front and pulled Art out before waking him up. The turret crew in Herbie Watkins's tank got clear ...... [but] the driver, Trooper Harvey Amey, remained in the burning tank so Herbie "ran around to the front of the tank, got up and lifted Amey's hatch and then dropped it." Amey, a married 34-year-old factory foreman from London, Ontario, who had joined the Regiment the previous October, was quite dead.

With the tanks at both the head and tail of the column knocked out, the ones in the middle were trapped. Kenny Perrin tried to extricate his tank and bring it alongside Glen McDougall but it was hit in the turret ring by an AP shot that cut through the gunner's leg and killed the loader-operator, Sergeant Harold "Jake" Jacobsen. Perrin and the gunner, Trooper John Bell, exited through the turret hatch but Kenny apparently returned to the tank to see if he could help Jacobsen. Bell's leg was hanging by a thread of muscle and skin and Glen, seeing him emerge, grabbed his morphine syrettes and jumped down from his turret to help. Bell recalled that "I crawled back through a hedge but my leg got caught in the hedge and I turned around and brought it through." By the time McDougall caught up with him, Bell's leg had dropped off but Glen was amazed that "there was no blood" because "the shot seared the stump." He gave Bell an injection and offered him another one but Bell said, "No, I just want to get out." A big Algonquin Regiment sergeant heaved him onto a carrier and Glen watched it drive away with Bell "waving one leg in the air and hoping for better things."

Sometimes War Can Actually be Fun

After hard fighting in Normandy and the Low Countries during the summer and autumn of 1944, the South Alberta Regiment spent much of the following winter in Holland guarding the west bank of the Maas River. It was a relatively quiet period and there was time for a little fun, including a memorable dance held by C Squadron ......

It was organized by Lieutenants Bill Luton and Pete Burger who were charged with this duty because, in the SAR, as in any good military unit, junior officers were give a multitude of diverse task -- actually more tasks than they could properly handle -- to teach them responsibility, make them more flexible, keep them out of mischief, and because no officer more senior wanted these jobs. Burger and Luton, being young and keen, tackled the organization of the squadron dance with enthusiasm. The first problem was to find musicians but Bill rounded up a Dutch band called "The Hawaiians" and although "a hula in wooden shoes seemed improbable ... there they were." He was proud of this accomplishment until the boys in C Squadron complained that they "did not want to spend the whole evening listening to the strumming of guitars" so he "set out on another search for music, and located a band who claimed they could swing like Benny Goodman." Bill now had "two bands, and only enough cigarettes to pay for one" so he decided to "unhook" the "Hawaiians" despite the fact that this almost caused an "international incident."

For his part, Pete Burger found a suitable hall in Kaatsheuvel and then the two officers worked on their major problem -- rounding up female "talent" to dance with the boys. They decided to enlist the help of a local matron who agreed to invite young Dutch lovelies to the affair on one condition: that "only girls of good character would be allowed and she would be the arbiter." Being innocents in such matters both officers agreed to what appeared an eminently sensible arrangement and all seemed well until the night of the dance when Bill and Pete "posted ourselves at the door with our hostess to see that only approved girls were admitted." "Right off the bat," Bill remembered, they had problems because some of the men brought dates who "did not meet the standards of our judge" and there were "loud protests" from the other boys who claimed "that the girls who were being admitted were all 'Sunday School' types and no fun at all." Thankfully, the author of this history does not have to expound on the difference between a "fun" girl and a "Sunday School type" as the South Albertas appear to have had their own methods of ascertaining what seems to have been a crucial distinction. In any case, as Bill related, the problem was got around "with the help of Dutch beer from the pub and cognac brought in from Belgium" and a "good time was had by all."

Well, not quite all because mid-way into the evening, Chief Whitford cut loose. What happened that night has grown in the telling over the years and there are some who claim that the chief actually ascended to a balcony, drew his 9 mm Browning, and shot out the reflecting ball on the ceiling of hall, sending Dutch girls of both types screaming for the exit. Bill Luton's memory of the incident is more modest; he only states that Whitford "got into an argument with the Dutch bar tender and proceeded to get in behind the bar and bust things up." The two lieutenants "asked a couple of men to take care of the Chief" as, if officers got officially involved, "it could be serious, and, moreover, Kaatsheuvel was home to R.H.Q." and any commotion would be sure to cause trouble in high places. To the relief of Luton and Burger, "Johnny Hughes, a tough little scrapper, went in and brought the much bigger Whitford out quietly."

It was perhaps just as well that the Regiment soon went back into action as these quiet periods
could be stressful. ......

Moving up, St. Lambert-sur-Dives, 19 August 1944.
C Squadron Sherman moves by SAR tank brewed up in the middle of the village.
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NAC PA-116522

 

 

What Reviewers say about South Albertas:
A Canadian Regiment at War

[Chapters.ca (excellent)] ...... probably the best regimental history written about a Canadian unit, and I deliberately include Farley Mowat's The Regiment in my comparison. South Albertas manages to place, in a seamless continuum, all the vital apsects of living and fighting as they affect a regiment, from the loves and losses of individual soldiers, through to armour doctrine at the operational level. The writing never flags, and the layout does it justice. This is a book for military buffs and academics trying to grasp why and how men fight.
Robert Poirier, Chapters/Indigo reviews, 21 November 1999

***** (5-star, Amazon.com reviews) ... the book by which any small unit history will have to be measured in the furture. ...... Graves's writing is concise, to the point, and very successful in bringing the story to life. The most touching point is the identification of every single casualty of the regiment by their name, their pre-war occupation, age and family status, setting a memorial for the men. ...... I found this a superbly done book, teaching me more about the way things were then for the men fighting than any other book I have read. It is well worth any cent it costs, and I hope it will stay available for a long time to come.
Andreas Biermann, Germany, Amazon.com reviews, 22 December 2001

***** (5-star/Excellent) Outstanding, from the colour photo section, to the detailed appendices, and the "war manual" for those not versed in WW II military terminology or practices (this is helpful for civilian and current soldier alike, as much has changed in 50 years). The book is solidly researched from primary sources, lavishly illustrated with photgraphs from personal collections, and contains many personal stories and reminiscences. The darker chapters (three men being drummed out of the regiment for raping a Belgian woman) are given equal time with the regiment's loftier achievements. A great book about Canadian tankers in WW II and a must read for anyone interested in the Canadian Armoured Corps in WW II, or Canadian soldiers at war in general. Thank you Mister Graves for setting the standard.
Michael Dorosch, Amazon.com reviews, 1 September 2001

"a rare combination; a first class beer-and-popcorn read that is thoroughly researched, well illustrated, balanced in its conclusions, and -- most important for today's armor leaders -- full of insights which are still useful. ...... Good history in an attractive package, it is suitable for coffee tables and professional libraries alike."
John Daley, Armor, September-October 1998

"Donald Graves has written not just a singular account of the war but instead created a broader, well balanced work that satisfies both the former member of the SAR and the general reader/historian as well. ...... There is also the added bonus to this history of the absolute wealth of previously unpublished or rarely seen photographs of a Canadian armoured unit at war. ...... Without a doubt the South Albertas is one of the finest unit histories ever published and in fact transcends the genre to rate as a truly great history of Canada at war."
Christopher Evans, Canadian Military History, Spring 1998

"But above all, South Albertas presents the gripping, human story of young men who demonstrated the meaning of courage and its cost."
Virginia Byfield, Alberta Report, 18 May 1998

"There are many dreary, ill-produced histories of Canadian units. The pity is this one wasn't published 30 years ago to become a model other regimental associations would try to match. It has 'class' ...... Best of all there are graphic accounts of all the unit's major fights, from the beachhead in Normandy to the armistice in north-east Germany. ...... I am captivated by the vividness and integrity of the narrative. What develops in a way unmatched by other such book are short accounts wherever possible of each man who was killed or badly wounded, often with quotes from comrades of gritty to witty features in personality and deeds."
Doug Fisher, Ottawa Sun, 26 July 1998

"This is a story with the average reader in mind. It is based on exhaustive research (often using sources that were previously largely unused) and extensive interviews. It presents a vivid and compelling tale of Canadians at war. ...... Written in plain language, this is a large, beautifully-produced work, full of maps, charts and photographs ......
Robert Fraser, Hamilton Spectator, 14 June 1998

"This book is truly impressive in its scope ...... It treats the true heart of any regiment, its soldiers, with respect -- indeed affection -- tracing the stories of private soldiers as well as officers, giving the atmospher of a family, which indeed a regiment in combat must be. .... a regimental history that is both easy to read and enjoyable!"
Mike Sinott, Edmonton Garrison Times, 18 June 1998

"This remarkable book is first and foremost a regimental history ..." [but it is also] "an account of the Canadian campaign in North West Europe that rivals anything I have ever read on the subject. South Albertas provides an object lession on the working of the regimental system where it matters most -- in war. ...... should be required reading for any student of the campaign in North West Europe."
Brian Reid, Esprit de Corps Magazine, June 1998

"a book combining the feel of an informal scrapbook shared among old friends and the meticulous report of the combat record of a spearhead formation. ...... Handsomely done. A fine history of a fine unit."
Bill Stone, "Stone and Stone Reviews," 22 June 1998

"Graves amply demonstrates his considerable talent as a military historian in his superbly detailed descriptions of the battle in which the South Alberta Regiment played an inmportant part" and "tells the stories, warts and all, of the men who did the dirty work of fighting our wars and of those who inspired and led them, and it does this in such a way that the unit's past is made vivid and relevant ...... good regimental history at its best!"
John Marteinson, Canadian Defence Quarterly, Autumn 1998

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